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v. PALMER.

- Churn. A Nof-60, 414.V Patented'lDec. 11, 1866;.

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T i n N. PETERS. Phoblhngnpm'- Washinginn. D. C.

" IMPROVEMENT IN encens. l

V. PALMER, O F CASTALIA, OHIO. Letters Patent No. 60,414, dated December 11, 186d.

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To Arlt wHoM 1T MAY coNcnRN: s

Be it knownlthat I, V. PALMER, o f Castalia, inthe county of Eric, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Churns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full-and complete descriptionthereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, making a part of this speciication,

in whichL Figure 1 is aside view of the churn. Figure 2 is a top view of the same. Figure 3 is a side view of the churn-dasher. Figure 4 is a top View of the dasher. Figure 5 is a bottom View of the same. Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the dierent views. A, iig. 1, is the body of the churn, which may be constructed of wood or stone, and ofthe ordinary shape and capacity. B is a base, onV which the churn stands; a circular chamber is cut out in the top of this base,

the size of the bottom of the churn, and in which it stands, as indicated bythe dotted lines a, g. 1; this is in order to prevent the churn from slipping about while in use. C is a lever or handle, andis pivoted' at the point E to the stem F of the dasher the short arm of the levier is pivoted to the upper end of the linkG, and the lower end of this -linlr is attached to the base B by the sub-links H, in the manner as shown in iig. `2, in which it will be seen that the lower ends of the sub-links are hookedinto the sides of the base, thereby forming a pivoted joint. By the -means of these links and the handle, thev dasher is operated in a vertical direction, the same as the ordinary dash churns. ,The dasher used in this churn is constructed in the following manner.: Fig.A 3 is the daslier, and consists of four sections. I is the central'section, to each side of which are hinged the wn'gsor sections I', by means of the buts vb, iig. 5. These Wings, being hinged to the sections in this manner,

permit of their hanging downward in the direction indicated by the dotted .lines c, g..3, while being drawn upward in the act of churning, and again spreading outward by the resistance of the cream in its downward action.. d are checks, one end of which is secured to the wing; the othenbeing free, falls against the side ot' the central section, and thereby prevents the wings`from falling inward upon the centre. J- is the fourth sectio`n of the churn, and consists of a hollow boss, opening on the under side of the dasher, as shown in ig.. 5, K being the opening'or chamber thus formed. Around in the sides of this boss are the smallholes L, which open into the chamber before described. Of the several advantages derived from aldasher constructed as above described, we instance the following: lfhe dasher being constructed with the adjustable wings, it can be introduced into any churn, the neck of which is smaller than the body; when thus introduced, and the wings spread out, it` nearly-fills the diameter of thechurn; hence the creamis more thoroughly stirred than it couldbe if the dasher was very much smaller. Also, by the collapsing of the wings, on the lifting of the daslier, gives more room for the cream to pass down between the dasher and the side of the churn, `and thereby rendering the work much less laborious. The cream being forced up through the chamber, and out of 4the holes `in the side of the boss,

is in 'consequence more thoroughly agitated, and the globules arei therefore brokeninA a much shorter space of `time Y hence the churning is more quickly and easily` done. 'This form of dasherassists very much in gathering` the butter, by means of the pendent wings; also, by its use the churning can be donewithout using a cover to the churn, as the dasher prevents the cream from dashing violently upward. The extra holes in the links and handle may be used to increase the length of the stroke of the .dasher, when alarge amount of cream is being cliurncd. l p

What I claim as my invention, and-desire to secure by Letters Patent, is` The perforated dasher I, with the adjustable wings I', and checks v@Las arranged in combination with the links H and G and the handle F, in the manner and for the purpose setforth. Y V, PALMER.

Witnesses 12W. McCAMY, V. B. PALMER. 

